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Catégorie :Category: nCreator TI-Nspire
Auteur Author: RNDMPRSN
Type : Classeur 3.0.1
Page(s) : 1
Taille Size: 26.63 Ko KB
Mis en ligne Uploaded: 26/01/2025 - 21:00:15
Uploadeur Uploader: RNDMPRSN (Profil)
Téléchargements Downloads: 2
Visibilité Visibility: Archive publique
Shortlink : http://ti-pla.net/a4478557
Type : Classeur 3.0.1
Page(s) : 1
Taille Size: 26.63 Ko KB
Mis en ligne Uploaded: 26/01/2025 - 21:00:15
Uploadeur Uploader: RNDMPRSN (Profil)
Téléchargements Downloads: 2
Visibilité Visibility: Archive publique
Shortlink : http://ti-pla.net/a4478557
Description
Fichier Nspire généré sur TI-Planet.org.
Compatible OS 3.0 et ultérieurs.
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Meiosis & Sexual Reproduction AP Biology 2007-2008 Cell division / Asexual reproduction § Mitosis u produce cells with same information § identical daughter cells u exact copies § clones u same amount of DNA § same number of chromosomes § same genetic information AP Biology Aaaargh! Im seeing double! 1 Asexual reproduction § Single-celled eukaryotes yeast (fungi) u Protists u § Paramecium § Amoeba § Simple multicellular eukaryotes u budding budding Hydra What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction? AP Biology What are the advantages? Evolution of § Mitosis in Origin of replicatio mitosis n chromosome: double-strandedreplication of DNA DNA eukaryotes likely evolved from binary fission in bacteria single circular chromosome u no membranebound organelles u AP Biology elongation of cell ring of protein s cell pinches in two 2 prokaryotes (bacteria) Evolution of mitosis § A possible protists dinoflagellates progression of mechanisms intermediate between binary fission & mitosis seen in modern organisms protists diatoms eukaryotes yeast eukaryotes animals AP Biology How about the rest of us? § What if a complex multicellular organism (like us) wants to reproduce? u joining of egg + sperm § Do we make egg & sperm by mitosis? No! What if we did, then&. 46 egg AP Biology + 46 92 sperm zygote Doesnt work! 3 Human female karyotype 46 chromosomes 23 pairs AP Biology Human male karyotype 46 chromosomes 23 pairs AP Biology 4 Homologous chromosomes § Paired chromosomes both chromosomes of a pair carry matching genes u § control same inherited characters § homologous = same information diploid 2n 2n = 4 single stranded homologous chromosomes double stranded homologous chromosomes AP Biology How do we make sperm & eggs? § Must reduce 46 chromosomes 23 u must reduce the number of chromosomes by half 23 46 meiosis 46 AP Biology zygote 23 46 egg 23 23 fertilization sperm gametes 5 Meiosis: production of gametes § Alternating stages u chromosome number must be reduced § diploid haploid § 2n n w humans: 46 23 § meiosis reduces chromosome number § makes gametes u fertilization restores chromosome number § haploid diploid AP Biology § n 2n Sexual reproduction lifecycle § 2 copies § diploid § 2n § 1 copy § haploid § 1n gametes fertilization meiosis In the next generation& Were mixing things up here! A good thing? § 1 copy § haploid § 1n gametes AP Biology 6 Meiosis § Reduction Division u u u special cell division for sexual reproduction reduce 2n 1n diploid haploid § two half u makes gametes § sperm, eggs Warning: meiosis evolved from mitosis, so stages & machinery are similar but the processes are radically different. Do not confuse the two! AP Biology Overview of meiosis I.P.M.A.T.P.M.A.T 2n = 4 interphase 1 prophase 1 metaphase 1 anaphase 1 n=2 n=2 prophase 2 metaphase 2 anaphase 2 telophase 2 n=2 telophase AP Biology 1 7 Double division of meiosis DNA replication Repeat I cant after hear you! me! 1st division of meiosis separates homologous pairs Meiosis 1 Meiosis 2 AP Biology 2nd division of meiosis separates sister chromatids Preparing for meiosis § 1st step of meiosis Duplication of DNA u Why bother? u § meiosis evolved after mitosis 2n = 6 single stranded § convenient to use machinery of mitosis § DNA replicated in S phase of interphase of MEIOSIS (just like in mitosis) AP Biology M1 prophase 2n = 6 double stranded 8 2n = 4 single stranded Meiosis 1 § 1st division of meiosis separates homologous pairs prophase 1 2n = 4 double stranded metaphase 1 2n = 4 double stranded synapsis tetrad reduction telophase 1 1n = 2 double stranded AP Biology Meiosis 2 § 2nd division of meiosis 1n = 2 double stranded separates sister chromatids prophase 2 What does this division look like? 1n = 2 single stranded AP Biology 1n = 2 double stranded metaphase 2 4 telophase 2 9 Steps of meiosis § Meiosis 1 interphase u prophase 1 u metaphase 1 u anaphase 1 u telophase 1 u § Meiosis 2 prophase 2 u metaphase 2 u anaphase 2 u telophase 2 AP Biology u 1st division of meiosis separates homologous pairs (2n 1n) reduction division 2nd division of meiosis separates sister chromatids (1n 1n) * just like mitosis * Meiosis 1 & 2 AP Biology 10 Trading pieces of DNA § Crossing over u prophase 1 during Prophase 1, sister chromatids intertwine § homologous pairs swap pieces of chromosome w DNA breaks & re-attaches synapsis tetrad AP Biology Crossing over § 3 steps What are the advantages of crossing over in sexual reproduction? cross over u breakage of DNA u re-fusing of DNA u § New combinations of traits AP Biology 11 Mitosis vs. Meiosis AP Biology Mitosis vs. Meiosis § Mitosis u u u u u u 1 division daughter cells genetically identical to parent cell produces 2 cells 2n 2n produces cells for growth & repair no crossing over § Meiosis u 2 divisions daughter cells genetically different from parent produces 4 cells 2n 1n produces gametes u crossing over u u u u AP Biology 12 Putting it all together& meio
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Compatible OS 3.0 et ultérieurs.
<<
Meiosis & Sexual Reproduction AP Biology 2007-2008 Cell division / Asexual reproduction § Mitosis u produce cells with same information § identical daughter cells u exact copies § clones u same amount of DNA § same number of chromosomes § same genetic information AP Biology Aaaargh! Im seeing double! 1 Asexual reproduction § Single-celled eukaryotes yeast (fungi) u Protists u § Paramecium § Amoeba § Simple multicellular eukaryotes u budding budding Hydra What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction? AP Biology What are the advantages? Evolution of § Mitosis in Origin of replicatio mitosis n chromosome: double-strandedreplication of DNA DNA eukaryotes likely evolved from binary fission in bacteria single circular chromosome u no membranebound organelles u AP Biology elongation of cell ring of protein s cell pinches in two 2 prokaryotes (bacteria) Evolution of mitosis § A possible protists dinoflagellates progression of mechanisms intermediate between binary fission & mitosis seen in modern organisms protists diatoms eukaryotes yeast eukaryotes animals AP Biology How about the rest of us? § What if a complex multicellular organism (like us) wants to reproduce? u joining of egg + sperm § Do we make egg & sperm by mitosis? No! What if we did, then&. 46 egg AP Biology + 46 92 sperm zygote Doesnt work! 3 Human female karyotype 46 chromosomes 23 pairs AP Biology Human male karyotype 46 chromosomes 23 pairs AP Biology 4 Homologous chromosomes § Paired chromosomes both chromosomes of a pair carry matching genes u § control same inherited characters § homologous = same information diploid 2n 2n = 4 single stranded homologous chromosomes double stranded homologous chromosomes AP Biology How do we make sperm & eggs? § Must reduce 46 chromosomes 23 u must reduce the number of chromosomes by half 23 46 meiosis 46 AP Biology zygote 23 46 egg 23 23 fertilization sperm gametes 5 Meiosis: production of gametes § Alternating stages u chromosome number must be reduced § diploid haploid § 2n n w humans: 46 23 § meiosis reduces chromosome number § makes gametes u fertilization restores chromosome number § haploid diploid AP Biology § n 2n Sexual reproduction lifecycle § 2 copies § diploid § 2n § 1 copy § haploid § 1n gametes fertilization meiosis In the next generation& Were mixing things up here! A good thing? § 1 copy § haploid § 1n gametes AP Biology 6 Meiosis § Reduction Division u u u special cell division for sexual reproduction reduce 2n 1n diploid haploid § two half u makes gametes § sperm, eggs Warning: meiosis evolved from mitosis, so stages & machinery are similar but the processes are radically different. Do not confuse the two! AP Biology Overview of meiosis I.P.M.A.T.P.M.A.T 2n = 4 interphase 1 prophase 1 metaphase 1 anaphase 1 n=2 n=2 prophase 2 metaphase 2 anaphase 2 telophase 2 n=2 telophase AP Biology 1 7 Double division of meiosis DNA replication Repeat I cant after hear you! me! 1st division of meiosis separates homologous pairs Meiosis 1 Meiosis 2 AP Biology 2nd division of meiosis separates sister chromatids Preparing for meiosis § 1st step of meiosis Duplication of DNA u Why bother? u § meiosis evolved after mitosis 2n = 6 single stranded § convenient to use machinery of mitosis § DNA replicated in S phase of interphase of MEIOSIS (just like in mitosis) AP Biology M1 prophase 2n = 6 double stranded 8 2n = 4 single stranded Meiosis 1 § 1st division of meiosis separates homologous pairs prophase 1 2n = 4 double stranded metaphase 1 2n = 4 double stranded synapsis tetrad reduction telophase 1 1n = 2 double stranded AP Biology Meiosis 2 § 2nd division of meiosis 1n = 2 double stranded separates sister chromatids prophase 2 What does this division look like? 1n = 2 single stranded AP Biology 1n = 2 double stranded metaphase 2 4 telophase 2 9 Steps of meiosis § Meiosis 1 interphase u prophase 1 u metaphase 1 u anaphase 1 u telophase 1 u § Meiosis 2 prophase 2 u metaphase 2 u anaphase 2 u telophase 2 AP Biology u 1st division of meiosis separates homologous pairs (2n 1n) reduction division 2nd division of meiosis separates sister chromatids (1n 1n) * just like mitosis * Meiosis 1 & 2 AP Biology 10 Trading pieces of DNA § Crossing over u prophase 1 during Prophase 1, sister chromatids intertwine § homologous pairs swap pieces of chromosome w DNA breaks & re-attaches synapsis tetrad AP Biology Crossing over § 3 steps What are the advantages of crossing over in sexual reproduction? cross over u breakage of DNA u re-fusing of DNA u § New combinations of traits AP Biology 11 Mitosis vs. Meiosis AP Biology Mitosis vs. Meiosis § Mitosis u u u u u u 1 division daughter cells genetically identical to parent cell produces 2 cells 2n 2n produces cells for growth & repair no crossing over § Meiosis u 2 divisions daughter cells genetically different from parent produces 4 cells 2n 1n produces gametes u crossing over u u u u AP Biology 12 Putting it all together& meio
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