GEOS300
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Catégorie :Category: nCreator TI-Nspire
Auteur Author: Adamite
Type : Classeur 3.0.1
Page(s) : 1
Taille Size: 5.44 Ko KB
Mis en ligne Uploaded: 04/03/2025 - 19:53:56
Mis à jour Updated: 04/03/2025 - 20:04:52
Uploadeur Uploader: Adamite (Profil)
Téléchargements Downloads: 2
Visibilité Visibility: Archive publique
Shortlink : http://ti-pla.net/a4524183
Type : Classeur 3.0.1
Page(s) : 1
Taille Size: 5.44 Ko KB
Mis en ligne Uploaded: 04/03/2025 - 19:53:56
Mis à jour Updated: 04/03/2025 - 20:04:52
Uploadeur Uploader: Adamite (Profil)
Téléchargements Downloads: 2
Visibilité Visibility: Archive publique
Shortlink : http://ti-pla.net/a4524183
Description
Fichier Nspire généré sur TI-Planet.org.
Compatible OS 3.0 et ultérieurs.
<<
Define: Linear regression: a data analysis technique that predicts the value of unknown data by using another related and known data value. Least square regression Raster: Array of cells, that represent an area. And which 2-dimensional data is stored like elevation. Lidar: By measuring the time, it takes for a pulse of light to travel to Earth's surface and back and using that time to calculate the distance from the sensor to the ground. Bioturbation: Reworking of soil or sediment by living organisms Rainsplash: Transport of sediment driven by raindrop impact. Soil creep: During freezing water expands and moves outwards, and during thawing water contracts and moves downwards. Base level: Lowest point of erosion. Hillslope is the nearest channel. Channel is water body it drains to. Cosmogenic radionuclide: Produced by interactions of cosmic rays with atmosphere and earth material. (it only accumulates when a rock is only few meters of earth surface) (It is used to infer rates of Geos300) depression storage: Small low point in undulating terrain that stores ppt and helps with infiltration. Packrat midden: A collection of waste left by packrat that is used to study environmental information. Recurrence interval: length +1 / rank = N+1/m mple Definitions: Steady-State Topography A landscape where erosion and soil production are balanced, keeping the shape stable over time. Cosmogenic Radionuclide Isotopes formed by cosmic rays hitting Earths surface, used to measure erosion rates and landscape changes. Thermochronology A technique to study the cooling history of rocks, helping determine erosion and uplift rates. Recurrence Interval The estimated time between events like floods or landslides, based on historical data. Langbein-Schumm Curve A graph showing how sediment yield changes with precipitation, peaking at moderate rainfall levels. Contributing Area The land area that drains into a specific river or watershed. Base Level of Erosion The lowest point a river can erode to, often sea level or a lake. Equations to Memorize: Rational method, Mannings equation, shear stress exerted by water flow, and Rouse number. Rational Method Q = ciA "Q = peak runoff rate (m³/s) "c = runoff coefficient "i = rainfall intensity (m/s) "A = drainage area (m²) Mannings Equation Q = vhw (cross-section area, discharge) V = (R²/³ * S¹/²) / n h = Flow depth (m) W = Channel width (m) R=h "V = depth average velocity (m/s) "R = hydraulic radius or flow depth (m) "S = channel bed slope m/m "n = Mannings roughness coefficient Shear Stress by Water Flow T = pgh sin¸ or T = phgS "p = 1000 kg/m³ (water density) "T = shear stress (Pa) "g = 9.8 m/s² "h = depth (m) "S = slope Rouse Number R = ws / (k u)* U = sqrt(ghS)* "R = Rouse number "ws = particle settling velocity "u* = shear velocity "k = von Kármán constant (0.4) "S = channel slope Key concepts: 1) - Types of models: Conceptual: no math involved just an idea. (Cycle of erosion) Physical: real life model of geologic processes (hillslope model) Mathematical: Empirical: predict (machine learning, ai and wepp) Process-based: slope stability calculation (&&.) 2) Define shear stress. How/why is shear stress important in sediment transport? Shear Stress: A force per unit area that acts parallel to a surface. Importance: It controls when sediment moves; exceeding critical shear stress causes erosion and transport. 3) Define sediment yield and sediment flux. If our goal is to understand how landscapes evolve, why is it important to be able to quantify sediment flux? Give an example of a situation where it would be important to know the sediment flux at a particular location within the landscape. Sediment Yield: Total sediment output from a watershed over time. Sediment Flux: Amount of sediment passing a point per unit time. - It is important to quantify sediment flux to predict landslides or landscape changes in general. - On hillslopes, sediment flux helps predict if a landslide will happen. 15) Give three examples of relative age dating techniques and two examples of absolute dating techniques. Relative age dating: Compare layers, fossils, or features to figure out whats older or younger. 1.Soil Development 2.Fossil succession Absolute Age Dating: Use radioactive decay to get exact ages. 1.(U-Th)/He thermochronology and fission track thermochronology 2.14C dating of organics 3.137Cs 16) How can measuring ¹³wCs concentrations in soil be used to estimate recent rates of erosion and deposition? ¹³wCs: Tracks soil erosion by measuring how much of this radioactive isotope is left in the soil. 17) Define drainage density. Describe a set of circumstances that would likely lead to an increase in drainage density with time? Describe a set of circumstances that would likely lead to a decrease in drainage density with time? DD = Length of water channels / Area of watershed Increases DD: 1.Erosion 2.Soft Rocks 3.Lack of plants 4.Slope Decreas
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Compatible OS 3.0 et ultérieurs.
<<
Define: Linear regression: a data analysis technique that predicts the value of unknown data by using another related and known data value. Least square regression Raster: Array of cells, that represent an area. And which 2-dimensional data is stored like elevation. Lidar: By measuring the time, it takes for a pulse of light to travel to Earth's surface and back and using that time to calculate the distance from the sensor to the ground. Bioturbation: Reworking of soil or sediment by living organisms Rainsplash: Transport of sediment driven by raindrop impact. Soil creep: During freezing water expands and moves outwards, and during thawing water contracts and moves downwards. Base level: Lowest point of erosion. Hillslope is the nearest channel. Channel is water body it drains to. Cosmogenic radionuclide: Produced by interactions of cosmic rays with atmosphere and earth material. (it only accumulates when a rock is only few meters of earth surface) (It is used to infer rates of Geos300) depression storage: Small low point in undulating terrain that stores ppt and helps with infiltration. Packrat midden: A collection of waste left by packrat that is used to study environmental information. Recurrence interval: length +1 / rank = N+1/m mple Definitions: Steady-State Topography A landscape where erosion and soil production are balanced, keeping the shape stable over time. Cosmogenic Radionuclide Isotopes formed by cosmic rays hitting Earths surface, used to measure erosion rates and landscape changes. Thermochronology A technique to study the cooling history of rocks, helping determine erosion and uplift rates. Recurrence Interval The estimated time between events like floods or landslides, based on historical data. Langbein-Schumm Curve A graph showing how sediment yield changes with precipitation, peaking at moderate rainfall levels. Contributing Area The land area that drains into a specific river or watershed. Base Level of Erosion The lowest point a river can erode to, often sea level or a lake. Equations to Memorize: Rational method, Mannings equation, shear stress exerted by water flow, and Rouse number. Rational Method Q = ciA "Q = peak runoff rate (m³/s) "c = runoff coefficient "i = rainfall intensity (m/s) "A = drainage area (m²) Mannings Equation Q = vhw (cross-section area, discharge) V = (R²/³ * S¹/²) / n h = Flow depth (m) W = Channel width (m) R=h "V = depth average velocity (m/s) "R = hydraulic radius or flow depth (m) "S = channel bed slope m/m "n = Mannings roughness coefficient Shear Stress by Water Flow T = pgh sin¸ or T = phgS "p = 1000 kg/m³ (water density) "T = shear stress (Pa) "g = 9.8 m/s² "h = depth (m) "S = slope Rouse Number R = ws / (k u)* U = sqrt(ghS)* "R = Rouse number "ws = particle settling velocity "u* = shear velocity "k = von Kármán constant (0.4) "S = channel slope Key concepts: 1) - Types of models: Conceptual: no math involved just an idea. (Cycle of erosion) Physical: real life model of geologic processes (hillslope model) Mathematical: Empirical: predict (machine learning, ai and wepp) Process-based: slope stability calculation (&&.) 2) Define shear stress. How/why is shear stress important in sediment transport? Shear Stress: A force per unit area that acts parallel to a surface. Importance: It controls when sediment moves; exceeding critical shear stress causes erosion and transport. 3) Define sediment yield and sediment flux. If our goal is to understand how landscapes evolve, why is it important to be able to quantify sediment flux? Give an example of a situation where it would be important to know the sediment flux at a particular location within the landscape. Sediment Yield: Total sediment output from a watershed over time. Sediment Flux: Amount of sediment passing a point per unit time. - It is important to quantify sediment flux to predict landslides or landscape changes in general. - On hillslopes, sediment flux helps predict if a landslide will happen. 15) Give three examples of relative age dating techniques and two examples of absolute dating techniques. Relative age dating: Compare layers, fossils, or features to figure out whats older or younger. 1.Soil Development 2.Fossil succession Absolute Age Dating: Use radioactive decay to get exact ages. 1.(U-Th)/He thermochronology and fission track thermochronology 2.14C dating of organics 3.137Cs 16) How can measuring ¹³wCs concentrations in soil be used to estimate recent rates of erosion and deposition? ¹³wCs: Tracks soil erosion by measuring how much of this radioactive isotope is left in the soil. 17) Define drainage density. Describe a set of circumstances that would likely lead to an increase in drainage density with time? Describe a set of circumstances that would likely lead to a decrease in drainage density with time? DD = Length of water channels / Area of watershed Increases DD: 1.Erosion 2.Soft Rocks 3.Lack of plants 4.Slope Decreas
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