GEOS3002
DownloadTélécharger
Actions
Vote :
ScreenshotAperçu
Informations
Catégorie :Category: nCreator TI-Nspire
Auteur Author: Adamite
Type : Classeur 3.0.1
Page(s) : 1
Taille Size: 5.11 Ko KB
Mis en ligne Uploaded: 04/03/2025 - 20:03:59
Mis à jour Updated: 04/03/2025 - 20:18:54
Uploadeur Uploader: Adamite (Profil)
Téléchargements Downloads: 2
Visibilité Visibility: Archive publique
Shortlink : http://ti-pla.net/a4524192
Type : Classeur 3.0.1
Page(s) : 1
Taille Size: 5.11 Ko KB
Mis en ligne Uploaded: 04/03/2025 - 20:03:59
Mis à jour Updated: 04/03/2025 - 20:18:54
Uploadeur Uploader: Adamite (Profil)
Téléchargements Downloads: 2
Visibilité Visibility: Archive publique
Shortlink : http://ti-pla.net/a4524192
Description
Fichier Nspire généré sur TI-Planet.org.
Compatible OS 3.0 et ultérieurs.
<<
4) Sketch a graph of a power-law function, an exponential function, and a sinusoidal function (label axes!). - Power Law: 5f = 5N5e^n (log y vs log x) - Exponential: 5f = 5N5O^x (log y vs x) - Sinusoidal: y = b + asin(2pix/P) [b,a,p] = [10,10,2] 5) Describe the processes that are most important for transporting soil downslope on a vegetated hillslope with no rills. - Rainsplah: Raindrops hitting the soil and moving the sediments. - Bioturbation: Mixing of soil by plants 6) Describe the processes that are most important for transporting soil downslope on a hillslope with rills and no vegetation. - Rill erosion: Narrow channels forming due to the flowing of water - Overland flow: Water flowing and picking up the sediments and transporting them. 7) Describe why hillslopes in tectonically active areas tend to get increasingly steep as you move farther away from the ridge. Near the ridge, the slope is low as erosion is rapid. As you move down the hill slope will steepen as we have uplift rate as the uplift push the ground up and erosion tries to wear it down. Over time, this makes the slope steeper farther down. 8) Do steady-state hillslopes tend to be steeper or less steep if the uplift rate increases (all else being equal)? If the uplift rate increases, the ground is pushed up faster. Meaning erosion should be intense to keep up, making the slope steeper 9) Consider a hill slope that is subject to a steady, uniform uplift rate. Is it steeper or less steep at steady state if bioturbation increases (all else being equal)? It is less steep at steady state if bioturbation increases. Bioturbation helps move soil, so that erosion can follow up with uplift easily, therefore the slope is less steep. 10) List 4 factors, or variables, that control the likelihood of a shallow landslide (i.e., whether or not a landslide occurs). 1) Vegetation 2) Slope steepness 3) Internal Friction angle 4) Cohesion 11) Sketch a graph that shows sediment flux as a function of slope. You should assume that sediment flux is driven only by bioturbation and creep processes. Explain in your own words why this graph has the shape that it does. As the slope steepness increases the Sediment flux increases as well proportionally. But, when it gets to slope=1 Sediment flux increases rapidly as a landslide is occurring. 12) What are two methods that can be used to predict runoff from a watershed (e.g. peak discharge and/or total runoff volume)? What factors are important in determining the peak discharge from a watershed? Rational Method Estimates peak discharge using Q = CiA , best for small urban watersheds. SCS Curve Number Method Estimates total runoff volume, best for large rural watersheds. Factors Affecting Peak Discharge: Rainfall intensity & duration More rain = more runoff. Soil type Sandy absorbs more, clayey soils cause more runoff. Slope Steeper slopes = faster runoff. 13) Consider a hillslope where erosion occurs mainly due to processes involving runoff. Sketch a graph of sediment loss as a function of distance downslope on this hillslope. Explain the shape of your curve. The steepness of the slope determines how fast runoff flows. Top of the Slope: Sediment loss is low because runoff is just starting and hasnt gained much energy. Middle of the Slope: Sediment loss peaks because runoff is fast and energetic, eroding and transporting the most sediment. Bottom of the Slope: Sediment loss decreases because runoff slows down and deposits sediment. (The graph is kinda similar to -cosx ) 14) Sketch the humped soil production function. Explain the shape of this function. At shallow soil depths: Soil production is low because there isnt enough soil to protect the bedrock and promote weathering. At moderate soil depths: Soil production peaks because the soil layer is thick enough to protect the bedrock and allow for optimal weathering. At great soil depths: Soil production decreases because the bedrock is too deep to be effectively weathered. Kinda similar to (-cosx)(inc, peak, dec) 15) Give three examples of relative age dating techniques and two examples of absolute dating techniques. Relative age dating: Compare layers, fossils, or features to figure out whats older or younger. 1. Soil Development 2. Fossil succession Absolute Age Dating: Use radioactive decay to get exact ages. 1. (U-Th)/He thermochronology and fission track thermochronology 2. 14C dating of organics 3. 137Cs 16) How can measuring ¹³wCs concentrations in soil be used to estimate recent rates of erosion and deposition? 137Cs: Tracks soil erosion by measuring how much of this radioactive isotope is left in the soil. 17) Define drainage density. Describe a set of circumstances that would likely lead to an in
[...]
>>
Compatible OS 3.0 et ultérieurs.
<<
4) Sketch a graph of a power-law function, an exponential function, and a sinusoidal function (label axes!). - Power Law: 5f = 5N5e^n (log y vs log x) - Exponential: 5f = 5N5O^x (log y vs x) - Sinusoidal: y = b + asin(2pix/P) [b,a,p] = [10,10,2] 5) Describe the processes that are most important for transporting soil downslope on a vegetated hillslope with no rills. - Rainsplah: Raindrops hitting the soil and moving the sediments. - Bioturbation: Mixing of soil by plants 6) Describe the processes that are most important for transporting soil downslope on a hillslope with rills and no vegetation. - Rill erosion: Narrow channels forming due to the flowing of water - Overland flow: Water flowing and picking up the sediments and transporting them. 7) Describe why hillslopes in tectonically active areas tend to get increasingly steep as you move farther away from the ridge. Near the ridge, the slope is low as erosion is rapid. As you move down the hill slope will steepen as we have uplift rate as the uplift push the ground up and erosion tries to wear it down. Over time, this makes the slope steeper farther down. 8) Do steady-state hillslopes tend to be steeper or less steep if the uplift rate increases (all else being equal)? If the uplift rate increases, the ground is pushed up faster. Meaning erosion should be intense to keep up, making the slope steeper 9) Consider a hill slope that is subject to a steady, uniform uplift rate. Is it steeper or less steep at steady state if bioturbation increases (all else being equal)? It is less steep at steady state if bioturbation increases. Bioturbation helps move soil, so that erosion can follow up with uplift easily, therefore the slope is less steep. 10) List 4 factors, or variables, that control the likelihood of a shallow landslide (i.e., whether or not a landslide occurs). 1) Vegetation 2) Slope steepness 3) Internal Friction angle 4) Cohesion 11) Sketch a graph that shows sediment flux as a function of slope. You should assume that sediment flux is driven only by bioturbation and creep processes. Explain in your own words why this graph has the shape that it does. As the slope steepness increases the Sediment flux increases as well proportionally. But, when it gets to slope=1 Sediment flux increases rapidly as a landslide is occurring. 12) What are two methods that can be used to predict runoff from a watershed (e.g. peak discharge and/or total runoff volume)? What factors are important in determining the peak discharge from a watershed? Rational Method Estimates peak discharge using Q = CiA , best for small urban watersheds. SCS Curve Number Method Estimates total runoff volume, best for large rural watersheds. Factors Affecting Peak Discharge: Rainfall intensity & duration More rain = more runoff. Soil type Sandy absorbs more, clayey soils cause more runoff. Slope Steeper slopes = faster runoff. 13) Consider a hillslope where erosion occurs mainly due to processes involving runoff. Sketch a graph of sediment loss as a function of distance downslope on this hillslope. Explain the shape of your curve. The steepness of the slope determines how fast runoff flows. Top of the Slope: Sediment loss is low because runoff is just starting and hasnt gained much energy. Middle of the Slope: Sediment loss peaks because runoff is fast and energetic, eroding and transporting the most sediment. Bottom of the Slope: Sediment loss decreases because runoff slows down and deposits sediment. (The graph is kinda similar to -cosx ) 14) Sketch the humped soil production function. Explain the shape of this function. At shallow soil depths: Soil production is low because there isnt enough soil to protect the bedrock and promote weathering. At moderate soil depths: Soil production peaks because the soil layer is thick enough to protect the bedrock and allow for optimal weathering. At great soil depths: Soil production decreases because the bedrock is too deep to be effectively weathered. Kinda similar to (-cosx)(inc, peak, dec) 15) Give three examples of relative age dating techniques and two examples of absolute dating techniques. Relative age dating: Compare layers, fossils, or features to figure out whats older or younger. 1. Soil Development 2. Fossil succession Absolute Age Dating: Use radioactive decay to get exact ages. 1. (U-Th)/He thermochronology and fission track thermochronology 2. 14C dating of organics 3. 137Cs 16) How can measuring ¹³wCs concentrations in soil be used to estimate recent rates of erosion and deposition? 137Cs: Tracks soil erosion by measuring how much of this radioactive isotope is left in the soil. 17) Define drainage density. Describe a set of circumstances that would likely lead to an in
[...]
>>
